openHAB

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# Amazon Alexa Smart Home Skill

Alexa is an intelligent personal assistant developed by Amazon and designed to run on smart speakers and devices such as the Amazon Echo and Dot.

This certified Amazon Smart Home Skill allows users to control their openHAB powered smart home with natural voice commands. Lights, locks, thermostats, AV devices, sensors and many other device types can be controlled through a user's Amazon Alexa powered device like the Echo or Echo Dot.

This page describes how to use the openHAB Skill for Amazon Alexa (opens new window). The skill connects your openHAB setup through the myopenHAB.org (opens new window) cloud service to Amazon Alexa.

# Table of Contents

# Latest Changes

# Requirements

TIP

This integration relies on the cloud connector addon. More information can be found in the corresponding docs page (opens new window).

# Recommendations

# Item Labels

Matching of voice commands to items happens based on the item label (e.g. "Kitchen Light"). As an alternative, the metadata parameter name can be used over the item label. If neither are specified, the item will be ignored. It is therefore advisable, to choose labels that can be used to form natural commands. It is important to note that each labels needs to be unique to prevent any duplicate issues. As an example, compare Alexa, turn on the Kitchen Light vs Alexa, turn on the Ground Floor LEDs Kitchen.

# Regional Settings

In order for the skill to determine your default language and measurement system to use during the discovery process, it is important to set your server regional settings including the language, country/region and measurement system properties. These can either be accomplished by using the admin UI, or setting the language, region and measurementSystem properties for org.openhab.i18n service in $OPENHAB_CONF/services/runtime.cfg. If these settings aren't defined, the skill will either use the item level configuration, if available, to determine these properties, or fallback to en language and SI measurement system, as default values.

# Concept

The Alexa skill API uses the concept of "endpoints". Endpoints are addressable entities that expose one or more capabilities. An example endpoint may be a light switch, which has a single capability to control power and report its state (ON/OFF). A more complex endpoint may be a thermostat which has many capabilities to control and report temperature, setpoints, modes, etc...

There is a maximum of 300 endpoints limit per user with 100 capabilities per endpoint. This restriction is driven by the Alexa Smart Home API (opens new window).

# Single Endpoint

Single items in openHAB can be mapped to a single endpoint in Alexa through the use of the item metadata (opens new window).

A simple example of this is a light switch. In openHAB a light switch is defined as a "Switch" item and responds to ON or OFF commands.

Switch LightSwitch "Light Switch" {alexa="Light"}

Setting this on a single item will create an Alexa endpoint as a lighting device with the spoken addressable name "Light Switch" and power control capability. You can ask Alexa, turn on Light Switch.

In openHAB, a "Dimmer" item responds to both brightness and on/off commands. Using the same metadata device on that item will give power and brightness control to the Alexa endpoint. Alternatively, the device name can be defined in the metadata parameters, instead of the item label, along with a customized description that will show in the Alexa app. You can ask Alexa, turn on Light Switch as well as Alexa, set Light Switch to 50%.

Dimmer LightSwitch {alexa="Light" [name="Light Switch", description="Super Smart Light"]}

The same for a "Color" item responding to color, brightness and on/off commands. If you need to limit the default capabilities, you can specify in the item configuration each device attribute your device supports, prefixed with the Light device type. The example below shows a colored light switch with color and power on/off controls only. The brightness control would be omitted.

Color LightSwitch "Light Switch" {alexa="Light.Color,Light.PowerState"}

For a general switch, the Switch metadata device will give the same capability but as a switchable device Alexa endpoint.

Switch ApplianceSwitch "Appliance Switch" {alexa="Switch"}

By default, a Switch device type will have the category "SWITCH", which can be changed using a more specific device type from the supported list. For example, using the CoffeeMaker device type will retain the same power on/off capability but will show as a coffee maker in the Alexa app.

Switch CoffeeMaker "Coffee Maker" {alexa="CoffeeMaker"}

Likewise, more complex single endpoints can be configured. Such as using a Blind device type, which responds to position state requests by default.

Rollershutter Blind "Blind" {alexa="Blind"}

# Group Endpoint

While single mapping items works for many use cases, occasionally multiple openHAB items need to be mapped to a single endpoint in Alexa. When using a group item, keep in mind that only one specific attribute capability per group can be defined, except for generic capabilities.

Only functional groups (opens new window) (no group type) can be configured as group endpoint. State derived groups (opens new window) will be considered as single endpoints based on their defined group type.

The below example exposes 3 separate single endpoints, with "Light 1" and "Light 2" as independent lights with brightness and on/off controls, while and "Light Group" controlling these two as a group of lights with on/off control.

Group:Switch:OR(ON,OFF) LightGroup "Light Group"              {alexa="Light"}
Dimmer                  Light1     "Light 1"     (LightGroup) {alexa="Light"}
Dimmer                  Light2     "Light 2"     (LightGroup) {alexa="Light"}

Below are examples for various use cases currently natively supported by the skill.

In openHAB a thermostat is modeled as many different items, typically there are items for setpoints (target, heat, cool), modes, and the current temperature. To map these items to a single endpoint in Alexa, we will add them to a group which also uses "Alexa" metadata. When items are Alexa-enabled, but are also a member of a group Alexa-enabled, they will be added to the group endpoint and not exposed as their own endpoints.

Group  Thermostat    "Bedroom"                                {alexa="Thermostat"}
Number Temperature   "Temperature [%.1f °F]"   (Thermostat)   {alexa="CurrentTemperature"}
Number CoolSetpoint  "Cool Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)   {alexa="CoolingSetpoint"}
Number HeatSetpoint  "Heat Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)   {alexa="HeatingSetpoint"}
Number Mode          "Mode [%s]"               (Thermostat)   {alexa="HeatingCoolingMode"}

The group metadata also describes the category for the endpoint, in this case a "Thermostat". In this example an endpoint is created called "Bedroom", its various capabilities are mapped to different openHAB items. You can ask Alexa, set the Bedroom thermostat to 72 and the "HeatSetpoint" will receive the command, if currently in heating mode, likewise you can ask Alexa, what's the temperature of the Bedroom? and the current state of "Temperature" will be returned.

When mapping items, sometime we need to pass additional parameters to Alexa to set things like what scale to use (Fahrenheit) or what values our items expect for certain states (thermostat modes). These parameters can be passed in the metadata properties, if they are omitted, then reasonable defaults are used. In our above example we may wish to use Fahrenheit as our temperature scale, and map the mode strings to numbers. This would look like:

Group  Thermostat    "Thermostat"                             {alexa="Thermostat"}
Number Temperature   "Temperature [%.1f °F]"   (Thermostat)   {alexa="CurrentTemperature" [scale="Fahrenheit"]}
Number CoolSetpoint  "Cool Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)   {alexa="CoolingSetpoint" [scale="Fahrenheit"]}
Number HeatSetpoint  "Heat Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)   {alexa="HeatingSetpoint" [scale="Fahrenheit"]}
Number Mode          "Mode [%s]"               (Thermostat)   {alexa="HeatingCoolingMode" [OFF=0,HEAT=1,COOL=2,AUTO=3]}
Switch Hold          "Hold [%s]"               (Thermostat)   {alexa="ThermostatHold"}
String Fan           "Fan [%s]"                (Thermostat)   {alexa="ThermostatFan"}

For thermostat integration such as Nest or Ecobee, a more complex configuration could involve having three setpoints and additional cooling and heating setpoints for eco mode when these are different than the standard ones. Compared to the previous example, the temperature scale here will be based on the item state presentation unit (°F => Fahrenheit) and the thermostat mode will be mapped according to the linked binding channel (e.g. {channel="nest:..."}).

Group  Thermostat      "Thermostat"                                {alexa="Thermostat"}
Number Temperature     "Temperature [%.1f °F]"       (Thermostat)  {alexa="CurrentTemperature"}
Number TargetSetpoint  "Target Setpoint [%.1f °F]"   (Thermostat)  {alexa="TargetTemperature"}
Number CoolSetpoint    "Cool Setpoint [%.1f °F]"     (Thermostat)  {alexa="CoolingSetpoint"}
Number HeatSetpoint    "Heat Setpoint [%.1f °F]"     (Thermostat)  {alexa="HeatingSetpoint"}
Number EcoCoolSetpoint "Eco Cool Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)  {alexa="EcoCoolingSetpoint"}
Number EcoHeatSetpoint "Eco Heat Setpoint [%.1f °F]" (Thermostat)  {alexa="EcoHeatingSetpoint"}
String Mode            "Mode [%s]"                   (Thermostat)  {alexa="HeatingCoolingMode"}

A smart bulb with shade of colors controls.

Group  Bulb        "Bulb"                {alexa="Light"}
Color  Color       "Color"       (Bulb)  {alexa="PowerState,Brightness,Color"}
Dimmer Temperature "Temperature" (Bulb)  {alexa="ColorTemperature"}

A smart bulb with shade of white controls.

Group  Bulb        "Bulb"                {alexa="Light"}
Dimmer White       "White"       (Bulb)  {alexa="PowerState,Brightness"}
Dimmer Temperature "Temperature" (Bulb)  {alexa="ColorTemperature"}

A window blind with position and tilt angle controls.

Group         Blind    "Blind"            {alexa="Blind"}
Rollershutter Position "Position" (Blind) {alexa="PositionState"}
Rollershutter Tilt     "Tilt"     (Blind) {alexa="TiltAngle"}

A fan with 6-speed, direction, oscillate and power on/off controls.

Group  Fan       "Fan"             {alexa="Fan"}
Number Speed     "Speed"     (Fan) {alexa="FanSpeed" [speedLevels=6]}
Switch Direction "Direction" (Fan) {alexa="FanDirection"}
Switch Oscillate "Oscillate" (Fan) {alexa="FanOscillate"}
Switch Power     "Power"     (Fan) {alexa="PowerState"}

A stereo with volume, mute, input, channel, playback, equalizer and power on/off controls.

Group  Stereo   "Stereo"             {alexa="Speaker"}
Number Volume   "Volume"   (Stereo)  {alexa="VolumeLevel"}
Switch Mute     "Mute"     (Stereo)  {alexa="MuteState"}
Switch Power    "Power"    (Stereo)  {alexa="PowerState"}
String Input    "Input"    (Stereo)  {alexa="Input" [supportedInputs="HDMI1,TV"]}
Number Channel  "Channel"  (Stereo)  {alexa="Channel"}
String KeyCode  "Key Code" (Stereo)  {alexa="ChannelStep" [CHANNEL_UP="CHUP", CHANNEL_DOWN="CHDOWN"]}
Player Playback "Playback" (Stereo)  {alexa="Playback"}
Switch Stop     "Stop"     (Stereo)  {alexa="PlaybackStop"}
Number Bass     "Bass"     (Stereo)  {alexa="EqualizerBass" [range="-10:10"]}
Number Midrange "Mid"      (Stereo)  {alexa="EqualizerMidrange" [range="-10:10"]}
Number Treble   "Treble"   (Stereo)  {alexa="EqualizerTreble" [range="-10:10"]}
String Mode     "Mode"     (Stereo)  {alexa="EqualizerMode" [MOVIE="movie",MUSIC="music",TV="tv"]}

A security panel with alarm mode and different alarm/alert states.

Group  SecurityPanel       "Security Panel"                  {alexa="SecurityPanel"}
Number ArmMode             "Arm Mode"        (SecurityPanel) {alexa="ArmState" [DISARMED=0,ARMED_STAY=1,ARMED_AWAY=2]}
Switch BurglaryAlarm       "Burglary"        (SecurityPanel) {alexa="BurglaryAlarm"}
Switch FireAlarm           "Fire"            (SecurityPanel) {alexa="FireAlarm"}
Switch CarbonMonoxideAlarm "Carbon Monoxide" (SecurityPanel) {alexa="CarbonMonoxideAlarm"}
Switch WaterAlarm          "Water"           (SecurityPanel) {alexa="WaterAlarm"}
Switch AlarmAlert          "Alarm Alert"     (SecurityPanel) {alexa="AlarmAlert"}
Switch ReadyAlert          "Ready Alert"     (SecurityPanel) {alexa="ReadyAlert"}
Switch TroubleAlert        "Trouble Alert"   (SecurityPanel) {alexa="TroubleAlert"}
Switch ZonesAlert          "Zones Alert"     (SecurityPanel) {alexa="ZonesAlert"}

A vacuum cleaner with vacuum mode and fan speed controls, and battery level status.

Group  Vacuum       "Vacuum"                 {alexa="VacuumCleaner"}
String Mode         "Mode"          (Vacuum) {alexa="VacuumMode"}
Dimmer FanSpeed     "Fan Speed"     (Vaccum) {alexa="FanSpeed"}
Number BatteryLevel "Battery Level" (Vacuum) {alexa="BatteryLevel"}

A water heater with temperature and power on/off controls.

Group  WaterHeater    "Water Heater"                            {alexa="WaterHeater"}
Number Temperature    "Temperature [%.1f °C]"     (WaterHeater) {alexa="CurrentTemperature"}
Number TargetSetpoint "Target Setpoint [%.1f °C]" (WaterHeater) {alexa="TargetTemperature"}
Switch Power          "Power"                     (WaterHeater) {alexa="PowerState"}

# Item State

Item states, reported back to Alexa, for numerical item types are formatted based on their item state presentation (opens new window) definition if configured. This means you can control the precision of number values (e.g. %.1f °C will limit reported temperature value to one decimal point).

For items that don't have a state, these can be configured as not retrievable, automatically when the item parameter autoupdate (opens new window) is set as autoupdate="false" or by using metadata parameter retrievable="false". In that case, the skill will not report back the state of the given item to Alexa. It is important to note that this will affect the usability of some of the advanced features in the Alexa app that require state reporting.

Switch Switch1 "Switch 1" {alexa="Switch", autoupdate="false"}
Switch Switch2 "Switch 2" {alexa="Switch" [retrievable="false"]}

For item decouple state, only certain device attributes, such as lockState and openState, supports that feature using a separate item to report the current state over the actionable one, to improve state reporting accuracy.

It is important to note since asynchronous response is not supported by the skill as of yet, the decouple state will need to be available right away for the skill to report the device latest status.

Below is an example of a lock device with decouple state.

Group   Lock    "Lock"           {alexa="Lock"}
Switch  Control "Control" (Lock) {alexa="TargetLockState"}
Contact Status  "Status"  (Lock) {alexa="CurrentLockState"}

# Item Unit of Measurement

With the introduction of the unit of measurement (opens new window) concept, the item unit can be automatically determined for thermostat and temperature using that feature, removing the need of having to set the metadata scale parameter for each of the relevant items or groups.

Below are three examples; the scale on the first will be set to Fahrenheit based on how it is defined in the item state presentation pattern, the second one will be set to Fahrenheit based on the unit metadata (introduced in openHAB 4.0), and the last one will be set based on your openHAB system regional settings (US=Fahrenheit; SI=Celsius).

Number:Temperature Temperature1 "Temperature [%.1f °F]" {alexa="CurrentTemperature"}
Number:Temperature Temperature2 "Temperature"           {alexa="CurrentTemperature", unit="°F"}
Number:Temperature Temperature3 "Temperature"           {alexa="CurrentTemperature"}

# Networking Capabilities

To interact with the networking capabilities of a router, such as controlling the network access for a specific device, the networking attributes are available to configure a representation of a home network and its connected devices.

In order to take advantage of these capabilities, your router must be configured as a group endpoint based on HomeNetwork supported device types. If it doesn't have any other capabilities, it can be an empty group. Likewise, connected devices must be configured based on ConnectedDevice supported device types and metadata parameters.

Group  Router  "Router"          {alexa="Router"}

Group  Laptop  "Laptop" (Router) {alexa="Laptop" [macAddress="00:21:86:B5:6E:10"]}
Switch Access1 "Access" (Laptop) {alexa="NetworkAccess"}

Group  Tablet  "Tablet" (Router) {alexa="Tablet" [macAddress="00:21:86:B5:6E:11"]}
Switch Access2 "Access" (Tablet) {alexa="NetworkAccess"}

# Generic Capabilities

For general-purpose capabilities that can be used to model different components of a device, which aren't covered by the existing device attributes, the generic attributes are available to highly customize how you interact with that device via Alexa, using various metadata parameters to model the full feature set of a complex device.

A washer and its settings modeled with multiple mode-type generic attributes.

Group  Washer      "Washer"               {alexa="Washer"}
String Cycle       "Cycle"       (Washer) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="Wash Cycle,Wash Setting", supportedModes="Normal=Normal:Cottons,Delicate=@Value.Delicate:Knits", ordered=false]}
Number Temperature "Temperature" (Washer) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="Wash Temperature,@Setting.WaterTemperature", supportedModes="0=Cold:Cool,1=Warm,2=Hot", ordered=true]}
String Status      "Status"      (Washer) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="Wash Status", supportedModes="Washing,Rinsing,Spinning", nonControllable=true]}
Switch Power       "Power"       (Washer) {alexa="PowerState"}

A camera and its settings modeled with multiple range-type generic attributes.

Group  Camera "Camera"          {alexa="Camera"}
Number Pan    "Pan"    (Camera) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="Pan,Rotate", supportedRange="-200:200:1", presets="-200=Far Left,0=Center,200=Far Right"]}
Number Tilt   "Tilt"   (Camera) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Tilt", supportedRange="-50:50:1", presets="-50=@Value.Down,0=Center,50=@Value.Up"]}
Number Zoom   "Zoom"   (Camera) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="Zoom", supportedRange="0:200:50", presets="0=@Value.Minimum,200=@Value.Maximum"]}
String Stream "Stream" (Camera) {alexa="CameraStream"}
Switch Power  "Power"  (Camera) {alexa="PowerState"}

A fireplace and its settings modeled with a mix of range/mode-type generic attributes.

Group  Fireplace "Fireplace"             {alexa="Other"}
Number Burners   "Burners"   (Fireplace) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Preset", supportedRange="1:3:1", presets="1=@Value.Low:@Value.Minimum,2=@Value.Medium:Normal,3=@Value.High:@Value.Maximum"]}
String Flame     "Flame"     (Fireplace) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="Flame Type", supportedModes="Campfire=Campfire:Normal,Candle,IceFlame=Ice Flame"]}
Color  Color     "Color"     (Fireplace) {alexa="Brightness,Color"}
Switch Power     "Power"     (Fireplace) {alexa="PowerState"}

A guitar amp and its settings modeled with a mix of range/mode/toggle-type generic attributes.

Group  GuitarAmp "Guitar Amp"            {alexa="Other"}
Switch Overdrive "Overdrive" (GuitarAmp) {alexa="ToggleState" [capabilityNames="Overdrive"]}
Number Gain      "Gain"      (GuitarAmp) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="Gain,Drive", supportedRange="1:10:1"]}
String Preset    "Preset"    (GuitarAmp) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Preset,Effect", supportedModes="Normal=Normal:Standard,LowGain=Low Gain,LeadBoost=Lead Boost,Metal"]}
Number Volume    "Volume"    (GuitarAmp) {alexa="VolumeLevel"}
Switch Mute      "Mute"      (GuitarAmp) {alexa="MuteState"}
Number Bass      "Bass"      (GuitarAmp) {alexa="EqualizerBass"}
Number Midrange  "Midrange"  (GuitarAmp) {alexa="EqualizerMidrange"}
Number Treble    "Treble"    (GuitarAmp) {alexa="EqualizerTreble"}
Switch Power     "Power"     (GuitarAmp) {alexa="PowerState"}

A router and its settings modeled with a mix of mode/toggle-type generic attributes.

Group  Router      "Router"                 {alexa="Router"}
Switch 2GGuestWiFi "2G Guest WiFi" (Router) {alexa="ToggleState" [capabilityNames="@Setting.2GGuestWiFi"]}
Switch 5GGuestWiFi "5G Guest WiFi" (Router) {alexa="ToggleState" [capabilityNames="@Setting.5GGuestWiFi"]}
String Mode        "Mode"          (Router) {alexa="Mode" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Mode", supportedModes="Normal,Gaming,Streaming"]}

A smart watch and its settings modeled with multiple read-only range-type generic attributes.

Group  SmartWatch "SmartWatch"              {alexa="Wearable"}
Number Steps      "Steps"      (SmartWatch) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="Steps", supportedRange="0:100000:1", nonControllable=true]}
Number Floors     "Floors"     (SmartWatch) {alexa="RangeValue" [capabilityNames="Floors", supportedRange="0:1000:1", nonControllable=true]}
Number Battery    "Battery"    (SmartWatch) {alexa="BatteryLevel"}

# Semantic Extensions

Semantic extensions are used to further customize how to interact with a device. This functionality is only supported by the generic attributes. The Alexa API currently provides Close, Open, Lower and Raise interactions, removing the need for the Alexa routine workaround to control certain devices such as blinds or doors. Additionally, the skill includes Pause, Resume, Stop, TurnOff and TurnOn custom interactions. A semantic is composed of an action mapping and, in some cases, a state mapping. The actions are used for interacting with the device and the states for displaying its current semantic state in the Alexa app (Depending on device types). The supported action and state names are listed in the semantic catalog.

It is important to note that only one given semantic is allowed per endpoint. Additionally, adjust action mappings (e.g Raise=(+10)) are only supported by Alexa API action semantics.

Here is how some the device attributes using semantic extensions are translating to:

A window blind position state. For example, when requesting Alexa, open the blind, the item will receive command UP. Likewise, when asking Alexa, lower the blind, it will receive command DOWN. And when requesting Alexa, stop the blind, it will receive command STOP. For position request, since Rollershutter range value are inverted by default, when requesting Alexa, set the blind to 40%, the item state will be set to 60.

Rollershutter Blind "Blind" {alexa="Blind.RangeValue" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Position", supportedCommands="UP=@Value.Up:@Value.Open,DOWN=@Value.Down:@Value.Close,STOP=@Value.Stop", supportedRange="0:100:1", unitOfMeasure="Percent", actionMappings="Close=DOWN,Open=UP,Lower=DOWN,Raise=UP,Stop=STOP", stateMappings="Closed=100,Open=0:99"]}

A window curtain position state. For example, when requesting Alexa, open the curtain, the item state will be set to 100. Likewise, when asking Alexa, close the blind, it be set to 0.

Dimmer Curtain "Curtain" {alexa="Curtain.RangeValue" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Position", supportedRange="0:100:1", unitOfMeasure="Percent", actionMappings="Close=0,Open=100", stateMappings="Closed=0,Open=1:100"]}

A door open state. For example, when requesting Alexa, open the door, the item state will be set to ON.

Switch Door "Door" {alexa="Door.Mode" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Opening", supportedModes="ON=@Value.Open,OFF=@Value.Close", actionMappings="Close=OFF,Open=ON,Lower=OFF,Raise=ON", stateMappings="Closed=OFF,Open=ON"]}

A vacuum cleaner mode. For example, when requesting Alexa, turn on the vacuum cleaner, the item state will be set to CLEAN. Likewise, when asking Alexa, pause the vacuum cleaner, it be set to PAUSE. And when requesting Alexa, resume the vacuum cleaner, it will be set to CLEAN again.

String VacuumCleaner "Vacuum Cleaner" {alexa="VacuumCleaner.Mode" [capabilityNames="@Setting.Mode", supportedModes="CLEAN=@Setting.Clean,DOCK=@Setting.Dock,SPOT=@Setting.Spot,PAUSE=@Setting.Pause,STOP=@Setting.Stop", actionMappings="Resume=CLEAN,Pause=PAUSE,Stop=STOP,TurnOn=CLEAN,TurnOff=DOCK"]}

# Item Configuration

In order to configure an Alexa endpoint, one or more device configuration, composed of a type and an attribute {alexa="<deviceType>.<deviceAttribute>"}, must be defined in the Alexa item metadata settings. Depending on the type of endpoint being configured, the device type or attribute can be omitted.

The metadata settings can be configured using textual files or the graphical UI. Using both methods on the same item may result in some UI integration incompatibility. It is highly recommended to use either-or.

# Textual Configuration

For single endpoints, when a device is only composed of a type, the default attribute(s) of that type are used. Using the single dimmer light shorthand example from above, the Light device type default attributes for a "Dimmer" item are PowerState and Brightness. The fully qualified definition would be:

Dimmer LightSwitch "Light Switch" {alexa="Light.PowerState,Light.Brightness"} // Equivalent to {alexa="Light"}

Likewise, when a device is only composed of an attribute, its type would be derived from the default category of each configured attribute. Using the same example again, using PowerState and Brightness attributes, the categories would be respectively "SWITCH" and "LIGHT" with the former being the main endpoint display category. While not providing a device type is supported, it highly recommended to always specify one, when configuring a single endpoint, to prevent potential functionality limitations on the Alexa end.

Dimmer LightSwitch "Light Switch" {alexa="PowerState,Brightness"}

For group endpoints, the metadata at the group item level can only be a device type. This defines the endpoint category for all the item capabilities part of it and the supported attributes. The associated items metadata configuration doesn't need to specify that same device type unless aiming to use the default attributes of that device type. Each attribute needs to be supported by the group device type, otherwise they would be ignored. Using the group smart color bulb example above, the fully qualified definition would be:

Group  Bulb        "Bulb"                {alexa="Light"}
Color  Color       "Color"       (Bulb)  {alexa="Light.PowerState,Light.Brightness,Light.Color"}
Dimmer Temperature "Temperature" (Bulb)  {alexa="Light.ColorTemperature"}

A better way to configure this endpoint, since the Light device type default attributes for a "Color" item are PowerState, Brightness and Color, the device type with no attribute can be used as well at the item capability level:

Group  Bulb        "Bulb"                {alexa="Light"}
Color  Color       "Color"       (Bulb)  {alexa="Light"} // Equivalent to {alexa="PowerState,Brightness,Color"}
Dimmer Temperature "Temperature" (Bulb)  {alexa="ColorTemperature"}

# UI Configuration

To add the metadata settings to an item in MainUI, click on Settings and then Items from the sidebar logged in as an administrator, and select the item to configure from the list. Click on Add Metadata and select the Amazon Alexa namespace.

metadata_namespace

Click on Alexa Device Type/Attribute.

metadata_config_undefined

Select the attribute to configure the item as.

metadata_attributes_single

To select multiple attributes, click the Multiple checkbox in the top right corner of the metadata configuration page.

metadata_attributes_multiple

Once the attribute(s) are selected, configure the associated metadata parameters if necessary. Some parameters may only be visible when the Show Advanced checkbox is enabled. When finished, click Save located in the top right corner to save the metadata settings.

metadata_config_single_endpoint

For group items, click on Alexa Device Type instead and select the device type. Each group member with Alexa metadata settings will show under the Group Endpoint Capabilities section. Any invalid capability part of the group will show as ignored.

metadata_config_group_endpoint

Click on any of the active group capabilities to access the associated item metadata settings directly. Each of them will display the group endpoint(s) they are part of, and their attribute selection menu will be filtered based on the group supported and already configured capabilities.

metadata_config_group_member

# Device Types

A device type represents an Alexa display category (opens new window) that affects how the endpoint appears in the Alexa app (opens new window) and in some cases, the associated features.

It is important to note that all the below device types supports the generic attributes.

Default attributes for each type are displayed in italic and are depending on supported item types.

Device Types Supported Attributes Description
AirConditioner PowerState, TargetTemperature, CurrentTemperature, FanSpeed, FanDirection, FanOscillate A device that cools the air in interior spaces.
AirFreshener Same as Fan A device that emits pleasant odors and masks unpleasant odors in interior spaces.
AirPurifier Same as Fan A device that improves the quality of air in interior spaces.
Automobile BatteryLevel, FanSpeed, LockState, PowerState, TargetTemperature, CurrentTemperature A motor vehicle (automobile, car).
AutomobileAccessory BatteryLevel, CameraStream, FanSpeed, PowerState A smart device in an automobile, such as a dash camera.
Blind, Curtain, Shade OpenState, PositionState, TiltAngle, TargetOpenState, CurrentOpenState A window covering on the inside of a structure.
BluetoothSpeaker PowerState, VolumeLevel, VolumeStep, MuteState, MuteStep, EqualizerBass, EqualizerMidrange, EqualizerTreble, EqualizerMode, Channel, ChannelStep, Input, Playback, PlaybackStop, PlaybackStep, BatteryLevel A speaker that connects to an audio source over Bluetooth.
Camera PowerState, CameraStream, BatteryLevel A security device with video or photo functionality.
ChristmasTree Same as Light A religious holiday decoration that often contains lights.
CoffeeMaker PowerState A device that makes coffee.
Computer PowerState, NetworkAccess A non-mobile computer, such as a desktop computer.
ContactSensor ContactDetectionState, BatteryLevel An endpoint that detects and reports changes in contact between two surfaces.
Dishwasher PowerState A device that cleans dishes.
Door OpenState, TargetOpenState, CurrentOpenState A door.
Doorbell Same as Camera A doorbell.
Dryer PowerState A device that dries wet clothing.
Fan PowerState, FanSpeed, FanDirection, FanOscillate A fan.
GameConsole PowerState, NetworkAccess A game console, such as Microsoft Xbox or Nintendo Switch.
GarageDoor OpenState, TargetOpenState, CurrentOpenState, ObstacleAlert A garage door. Supports unlock by voice code. Only supported in de-DE, en-GB, en-US, es-ES, fr-FR, and it-IT. For other languages, use Door instead.
Headphones Same as BluetoothSpeaker A wearable device that transmits audio directly into the ear.
Hub PowerState A smart-home hub.
Laptop PowerState, BatteryLevel, NetworkAccess A laptop or other mobile computer.
Light PowerState, Brightness, Color, ColorTemperature A light source or fixture.
Lock LockState, TargetLockState, CurrentLockState, BatteryLevel An endpoint that locks.
Microwave PowerState A microwave oven.
MobilePhone PowerState, BatteryLevel, NetworkAccess A mobile phone.
MotionSensor MotionDetectionState, BatteryLevel An endpoint that detects and reports movement in an area.
MusicSystem Same as StreamingDevice A network-connected music system.
NetworkHardware PowerState A network router.
Outlet Same as Switch A module that is plugged into an existing electrical outlet, and then has a device plugged into it.
Oven PowerState An oven cooking appliance.
Phone PowerState A non-mobile phone, such as landline or an IP phone.
Printer PowerState A device that prints.
Router Same as NetworkHardware A network router.
Screen Same as Television A projector screen.
SecurityPanel ArmState, BurglaryAlarm, CarbonMonoxideAlarm, FireAlarm, WaterAlarm, AlarmAlert, ReadyAlert, TroubleAlert, ZonesAlert A security panel.
SecuritySystem Same as SecurityPanel A security system.
Shutter, Awning Same as Blind A window covering on the outside of a structure.
SlowCooker PowerState An electric cooking device that sits on a countertop, cooks at low temperatures, and is often shaped like a cooking pot.
Speaker PowerState, VolumeLevel, VolumeStep, MuteState, MuteStep, EqualizerBass, EqualizerMidrange, EqualizerTreble, EqualizerMode, Channel, ChannelStep, Input, Playback, PlaybackStop, PlaybackStep A speaker or speaker system.
StreamingDevice PowerState, Playback, PlaybackStop, PlaybackStep, Channel, ChannelStep, Input, VolumeLevel, VolumeStep, MuteState, MuteStep, EqualizerBass, EqualizerMidrange, EqualizerTreble, EqualizerMode A streaming device such as Apple TV, Chromecast, or Roku.
Switch PowerState, PowerLevel, Percentage A switch wired directly to the electrical system. A switch can control a variety of devices. For lighting devices, use Light instead.
Tablet PowerState, BatteryLevel, NetworkAccess A tablet computer.
Television PowerState, Channel, ChannelStep, Input, VolumeLevel, VolumeStep, MuteState, MuteStep, EqualizerBass, EqualizerMidrange, EqualizerTreble, EqualizerMode, Playback, PlaybackStop, PlaybackStep A television.
TemperatureSensor CurrentTemperature, BatteryLevel An endpoint that reports temperature, but does not control it. The temperature data of the endpoint doesn't appear in the Alexa app. If your endpoint also controls temperature, use Thermostat instead.
Thermostat HeatingCoolingMode, TargetTemperature, CoolingSetpoint, HeatingSetpoint, EcoCoolingSetpoint, EcoHeatingSetpoint, ThermostatHold, ThermostatFan, CurrentTemperature, CurrentHumidity, BatteryLevel An endpoint that controls temperature, stand-alone air conditioners, or heaters with direct temperature control. If your endpoint senses temperature but does not control it, use TemperatureSensor instead.
VacuumCleaner PowerState, VacuumMode, FanSpeed, BatteryLevel A vacuum cleaner.
Washer PowerState A device that cleans clothing.
WaterHeater PowerState, TargetTemperature, CurrentTemperature A device that heats water, often consisting of a large tank.
Wearable PowerState, BatteryLevel, NetworkAccess A network-connected wearable device, such as an Apple Watch, Fitbit, or Samsung Gear.
Other All attributes, except networking and scenes An endpoint that doesn't belong to one of the other categories.

# Device Attributes

A device attribute represents one or more Alexa Smart Home interface capabilities (opens new window) that defines the supported functionalities of a given device.

While the majority of the device attributes are based on the Alexa native/specific capabilities, some, such as PositionState, were introduced in the skill to fill the lack of native support using a combination of generic capabilities in order to ease the configuration of commonly used functionalities.

For device attributes used in a group endpoint, if multiple items with the same attribute are part of a group, only the first one will be considered while the others will be ignored. This doesn't apply to generic attributes.

Any group level metadata parameters are passed to each members part of that group. This is useful when the same parameter is used across multiple item capabilities of a group endpoint. For example, the scale temperature/setpoint parameter in a Thermostat group.

It is important to note that not all the attributes listed below are available globally.

# Camera Attributes

# CameraStream

Items that represent the feed from a security camera.

It requires installing the IP Camera binding (opens new window) to create a HLS live stream (opens new window), and running your openHAB server behind a reverse proxy (opens new window) that can be accessed over HTTPS on your local network and port 443 using a valid SSL certificate.

Once setup, configure the item linked to the binding hlsUrl channel and set the metadata parameter proxyBaseUrl="https://openhab.myserver.tld" pointing to your openHAB subdomain proxy base URL. This will cause the skill to provide a stream URL to your Echo device, when requested, that should be accessible at https://openhab.myserver.tld/ipcamera/camera1/ipcamera.m3u8 along with a static image URL, replacing the extension with .jpg. If your server requires basic authentication, set the username and password parameters.

  • Supported item types:
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • proxyBaseUrl=<url>
      • required proxy base URL
    • resolution=<resolution>
      • supported resolutions are 480p, 720p, 1080p
      • defaults to 1080p
    • username=<username>
      • defaults to no basic authentication.
    • password=<password>
      • defaults to no basic authentication.
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, show the <device name>.

# Cover Attributes

# OpenState

Items that represent the open state of a door or window blind (ON open, OFF close). For decouple state support, use TargetOpenState and CurrentOpenState instead. For door contact sensors, use ContactDetectionState instead.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, open the <device name>.
    • Alexa, close the <device name>.
    • Alexa, raise the <device name>.
    • Alexa, lower the <device name>.
    • Alexa, is the <device name> opened? (GarageDoor type only)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> opening?

# TargetOpenState

Items that represent the target open state of a door or window blind with decouple state. This should be paired with CurrentOpenState.

Same configuration as OpenState.

# CurrentOpenState

Items that represent the current open state of a door or window blind with decouple state. This needs to be paired with TargetOpenState. The state of this item will be returned instead of the original actionable item.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [CLOSED="CLOSED", OPEN="OPEN"]
    • Number [CLOSED=0, OPEN=1]
    • String [CLOSED="CLOSED", OPEN="OPEN"]
    • Switch [CLOSED="OFF", OPEN="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • CLOSED=<state> (Number/String only)
    • OPEN=<state> (Number/String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Contact/Switch only)
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to false

# ObstacleAlert

Items that represent the alert state when an obstacle is detected preventing closing a garage door. This needs to be paired with OpenState. This attribute only works with GarageDoor type. When in alert state, close requests will trigger an error response.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALERT="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALERT="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# PositionState

Items that represent the position state of window blind.

If paired with TiltAngle, the primary controls (open/close/stop) can be defined as position-based or tilt-based setting metadata parameter primaryControl="position" at the group level. It is important to note that raise/lower controls aren't affected by these settings and will remain position-based.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Rollershutter
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to true for Rollershutter, otherwise false for Dimmer
    • primaryControl=<type>
      • supported types are position or tilt
      • only relevant when part of a group endpoint
      • defaults to position
    • presets=<presets>
      • each preset formatted as <presetValue>=<@assetIdOrName1>:... (e.g. presets="20=Morning,60=Afternoon,80=Evening:@Setting.Night")
      • limited to a maximum of 150 presets
      • predefined asset ids
      • defaults to item state description options presets="value1=label1,..." if defined, otherwise no presets
    • language=<code>
      • text-based preset name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
    • actionMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as <action>=<value>
      • Open, Close and Stop semantics only available when primary control is position
      • defaults to:
        • Dimmer => Close=0,Open=100,Lower=0,Raise=100 or Close=100,Open=0,Lower=100,Raise=0 (inverted)
        • Rollershutter => Close=DOWN,Open=UP,Lower=DOWN,Raise=UP,Stop=STOP
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, open the <device name>.
    • Alexa, close the <device name>.
    • Alexa, raise the <device name>.
    • Alexa, lower the <device name>.
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> position to 50 percent.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> position to <preset name>.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> position to up. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> position to down. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> position to stop. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> position by 10 percent.
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> position by 25 percent.
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> position?

# TiltAngle

Items that represent the tilt angle of a window blind.

If paired with PositionState, the primary controls (open/close/stop) can be defined as position-based or tilt-based setting metadata parameter primaryControl="tilt" at the group level.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer (Percentage)
    • Number(:Angle) (Angle degree from -90 to 90)
    • Rollershutter (Percentage)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to true for Rollershutter, otherwise false for Dimmer/Number
    • primaryControl=<type>
      • supported types are position or tilt
      • only relevant when part of a group endpoint
      • defaults to position
    • presets=<presets>
      • each preset formatted as <presetValue>=<@assetIdOrName1>:... (e.g. presets="20=Morning,60=Afternoon,80=Evening:@Setting.Night")
      • limited to a maximum of 150 presets
      • predefined asset ids
      • defaults to item state description options presets="value1=label1,..." if defined, otherwise no presets
    • language=<code>
      • text-based preset name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
    • actionMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as <action>=<value>
      • only available when primary control is tilt
      • defaults to:
        • Dimmer => Close=0,Open=100 or Close=100,Open=0 (inverted)
        • Number => Close=-90,Open=0 or Close=90,Open=0(inverted)
        • Rollershutter => Close=DOWN,Open=UP,Stop=STOP
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, open the <device name>.
    • Alexa, close the <device name>.
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to 30 degrees. (Number only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to 50 percent. (Dimmer/Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to <preset name>.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to up. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to down. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> tilt to stop. (Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> tilt by 5 degrees. (Number only)
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> tilt by 10 percent. (Dimmer/Rollershutter only)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> tilt?

# Entertainment Attributes

# Channel

Items that represent a channel. For String, by default, only requests by name are supported. To enable support for requests by number, set parameter supportsChannelNumber=true. For adjustment requests, by default, the increment is linear within the range parameter for Number, or the channelMappings parameter for String, based on the current state. For adjustment in incremental discrete steps, add ChannelStep to your entertainment group endpoint.

It is important to note that only well-known channel names can be used as these are matched against a database on the Alexa side when requested. While Amazon doesn't provide a list of supported channel names, it is recommended using the names listed on TV Channel Lists (opens new window) for your regional channel lineup.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • channelMappings=<mappings>
      • each mapping formatted as <channelId>=<channelName> (e.g. channelMappings="2=CBS,4=NBC,7=ABC,13=PBS")
      • required for channel requests by name support
      • defaults to no mappings
    • range=<range> (Number only)
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue> (e.g. range="100:499")
      • defaults to "1:9999"
    • supportsChannelNumber=<boolean> (String only)
      • set to true if supports channel requests by number
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, change the channel to <channel number> on the <device name>. (Number or if supportsChannelNumber=true)
    • Alexa, change the channel to <channel name> on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, next channel on the <device name>. (if ChannelStep not defined)
    • Alexa, previous channel on the <device name>. (if ChannelStep not defined)
    • Alexa, channel up on the <device name>. (if ChannelStep not defined)
    • Alexa, channel down on the <device name>. (if ChannelStep not defined)

# ChannelStep

Items that represent a channel adjusted in incremental discrete steps. For change requests by number or by name support, add Channel to your entertainment group endpoint.

  • Supported item types:
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • CHANNEL_UP=<command>
    • CHANNEL_DOWN=<command>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, next channel on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, previous channel on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, channel up on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, channel down on the <device name>.

# Input

Items that represent an input source (e.g. "HDMI 1" or "TUNER" on a stereo).

  • Supported item types:
    • Number
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • supportedInputs=<inputs>
      • each input formatted as <inputValue>=<inputName1>:... (e.g. supportedInputs="HDMI1=Cable:Comcast,HDMI2=Kodi")
      • requires at least two inputs to be specified with a maximum of 150
      • input value used as name if not provided (e.g. supportedInputs="HDMI1,DVD" <=> supportedInputs="HDMI1=HDMI1,DVD=DVD)
      • defaults to item state description options supportedInputs="value1=label1,...", if defined, otherwise no supported inputs
    • language=<code>
      • input name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, change the input to <input name> on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> input to <input name>.
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> input?

# VolumeLevel

Items that represent a volume level as percentage. For adjustment in incremental discrete steps, use VolumeStep instead.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • increment=<number>
      • defaults to 10 (standard value provided by Alexa)
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the volume of <device name> to 50.
    • Alexa, turn the volume up on <device name>.
    • Alexa, turn the volume down on <device name> by 20.
    • Alexa, increase the volume on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, lower the volume on the <device name> by 20.

# VolumeStep

Items that represent a volume level adjusted in incremental discrete steps. The skill limits adjustment to a maximum of 10 steps per request.

  • Supported item types:
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • VOLUME_UP=<command>
    • VOLUME_DOWN=<command>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, increase the volume on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, lower the volume on the <device name> by 5.
    • Alexa, volume up on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, volume down 5 on the <device name>.

# MuteState

Items that represent a muted state (ON muted, OFF unmuted). For adjustment in discrete steps, use MuteStep instead.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, mute <device name>.
    • Alexa, unmute <device name>.

# MuteStep

Items that represent a muted state adjusted in discrete steps.

  • Supported item types:
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • MUTE=<command>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, mute <device name>.
    • Alexa, unmute <device name>.

# EqualizerBass

Items that represent the bass equalizer band range supported by an audio system.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • range=<range>
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue>
      • should be synced across different bands if configured since same values used for all bands due to Alexa restriction.
      • defaults to "0:100" for Dimmer, otherwise "-10:10" for Number
    • defaultLevel=<number>
      • defaults to range midpoint
    • increment=<number>
      • defaults to INCREASE/DECREASE for Dimmer, otherwise 1 for Number
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set bass to -2 on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, increase bass on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, decrease bass by 3 on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, reset bass on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, reset equalizer on the <device name>.

# EqualizerMidrange

Items that represent the midrange equalizer band range supported by an audio system.

Same configuration as EqualizerBass.

# EqualizerTreble

Items that represent the treble equalizer band range supported by an audio system.

Same configuration as EqualizerBass.

# EqualizerMode

Items that represent a list of equalizer modes supported by an audio system.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number [MOVIE=1, MUSIC=2, NIGHT=3, SPORT=4, TV=5]
    • String [MOVIE="movie", MUSIC="music", NIGHT="night", SPORT="sport", TV="tv"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • MOVIE=<state>
    • MUSIC=<state>
    • NIGHT=<state>
    • SPORT=<state>
    • TV=<state>
    • supportedModes=<modes>
      • comma delimited list (e.g. supportedModes="MOVIE,MUSIC,TV")
      • supported modes are MOVIE, MUSIC, NIGHT, SPORT, TV
      • defaults to, depending on the parameters provided, either user-based or item type-based default mappings.
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set mode to movie on the <device name>.

# Playback

Items that represent the playback controls of a AV device. For stop command support, use PlaybackStop. For adjustment in incremental discrete steps, use PlaybackStep instead.

  • Supported item types:
    • Player
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • supportedOperations=<operations>
      • comma delimited list (e.g. supportedOperations="Play,Pause,Next,Previous")
      • defaults to Play,Pause,Next,Previous,FastForward,Rewind.
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, play <device name>.
    • Alexa, resume <device name>.
    • Alexa, pause <device name>.
    • Alexa, next on <device name>.
    • Alexa, previous on <device name>.
    • Alexa, fast forward on <device name>.
    • Alexa, rewind on <device name>.

# PlaybackStop

Items that represent the playback stop command of a AV device. This needs to be paired with Playback.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to send OFF command instead of ON
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, stop <device name>.

# PlaybackStep

Items that represent the playback controls of a AV device adjusted in discrete steps.

  • Supported item types:
    • String
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • PLAY=<command>
    • PAUSE=<command>
    • STOP=<command>
    • START_OVER=<command>
    • PREVIOUS=<command>
    • NEXT=<command>
    • REWIND=<command>
    • FAST_FORWARD=<command>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, play <device name>.
    • Alexa, resume <device name>.
    • Alexa, pause <device name>.
    • Alexa, stop <device name>.
    • Alexa, start over on <device name>.
    • Alexa, next on <device name>.
    • Alexa, previous on <device name>.
    • Alexa, fast forward on <device name>.
    • Alexa, rewind on <device name>.

# Fan Attributes

# FanSpeed

Items that represent the speed of a fan.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number
    • String [OFF="OFF", LOW="LOW", MEDIUM="MEDIUM", HIGH="HIGH"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • OFF=<state> (String only)
    • LOW=<state> (String only)
    • MEDIUM=<state> (String only)
    • HIGH=<state> (String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Dimmer only)
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
    • speedLevels=<number> (Number only)
      • requires at least 2-speed
      • defaults to 3
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to off.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to low.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to medium.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to high.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to minimum.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to maximum.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to 30 percent. (Dimmer only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> speed to 2. (Number only)
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> speed.
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> speed.
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> speed by 10 percent. (Dimmer only)
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> speed by 2. (Number only)
    • Alexa, what's the speed of <device name>?

# FanDirection

Items that represent a direction setting of a fan.

  • Supported item types:
    • String [FORWARD="FORWARD", REVERSE="REVERSE"]
    • Switch [FORWARD="ON", REVERSE="OFF"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • FORWARD=<state> (String only)
    • REVERSE=<state> (String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Switch only)
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> direction to forward.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> direction to reverse.
    • Alexa, what's the direction of <device name>?

# FanOscillate

Items that represent an oscillate setting of a fan.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name> oscillation.
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name> oscillation.
    • Alexa, is the <device name> oscillation on?

# Lighting Attributes

# Brightness

Items that represent a lighting device responding to brightness commands.

  • Supported item types:
    • Color
    • Dimmer
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to 50 percent.
    • Alexa, brighten the <device name> by 25 percent.
    • Alexa, dim the <device name>.

# Color

Items that represent a lighting device responding to color commands.

  • Supported item types:
    • Color
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to red.

# ColorTemperature

Items that represents a color temperature. It is important to note that temperature adjustment requests for endpoints including a color item, will be rejected if the endpoint is in color mode (Dimmer => undefined temperature or color saturation > 0; Number => undefined temperature or temperature = 0). In that event, set the initial white level before requesting subsequent adjustments.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer (Colder 0% to warmer 100% based on defined temperature range for bindings integration)
    • Number (Color temperature value in Kelvin for custom integration)
  • Supported binding presets:
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • binding=<id>
      • id formatted as:
        • color type => <bindingId>(:color) (e.g. binding="hue" or binding="hue:color")
        • white type => <bindingId>:white (e.g. binding="hue:white")
      • only for GUI-based configuration (opens new window)
      • defaults to channel metadata value for items configured via text files
    • range=<range>
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue> in Kelvin (e.g. range="2700:6500")
      • defaults to, depending on the parameters provided in order of precedence:
        • preset-based using the binding linked name and thing type to differentiate color/white ranges, defaulting to color range
        • defaults to 1000:10000
    • increment=<number>
      • expressed in % (Dimmer); in Kelvin (Number)
      • defaults to INCREASE/DECREASE for Dimmer, otherwise 500 for Number
    • requiresSetColorReset=<boolean> (Number only)
      • set to true to require color temperature state to be reset on set color requests
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, make the <device name> warm white.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to daylight.
    • Alexa, make the <device name> warmer.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> softer.
    • Alexa, make the <device name> whiter.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> cooler.

# Networking Attributes

# HomeNetwork

Items that represent a network router. This attribute cannot be specified by name. It is automatically added when configuring a group endpoint as one of the supported device types.

  • Supported device types:
    • NetworkHardware
    • Router

# ConnectedDevice

Items that represent a network device, such as a computer or mobile phone, connected to a router. This attribute cannot be specified by name. It is automatically added when configuring a group endpoint as one of the supported device types, that is a member of the group representing the router, as HomeNetwork, where the device is connected to, and having at least the metadata parameter macAddress defined.

  • Supported device types:
    • Computer
    • GameConsole
    • Laptop
    • MobilePhone
    • Tablet
    • Wearable
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • hostname=<name>
      • defaults to N/A
    • macAddress=<address>
      • formatted as EUI-48 or EUI-64 address with colon or dash separators (e.g. macAddress="00:21:86:B5:6E:10")

# NetworkAccess

Items that represent the internet/network access control of a Wi-Fi/Ethernet connection to a router. This needs to be paired with ConnectedDevice. To enable the access control by voice, you will need to select the configured device in your Alexa app, by going to Devices > Wi-Fi Access > Add a device. To limit the control based on voice profiles, turn on the option in the Wi-Fi Access settings.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch [ALLOWED="ON", BLOCKED="OFF"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, pause the Internet for <device name>.
    • Alexa, resume the Wi-Fi for <device name>.
    • Alexa, enable the Internet for <device name>.
    • Alexa, disable the Wi-Fi for <device name>.
    • Alexa, turn on the Internet for <device name>.
    • Alexa, turn off the Wi-Fi for <device name>.

# Scene Attributes

# Scene

Items that represent a combination of devices set to a specific state. Use scene triggers for scenes when the order of the state change is not important. For example, for a scene named "bedtime" you might turn off the lights and lower the thermostat, in any order.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • supportsDeactivation=<boolean>
      • defaults to true
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on <scene name>.
    • Alexa, turn off <scene name>.

# Activity

Items that represent a combination of devices set to a specific state. Use activity triggers for scenes when the state changes must occur in a specific order. For example, for a scene named "watch Netflix" you might power on the TV first, and then set the input to HDMI1.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • supportsDeactivation=<boolean>
      • defaults to true
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on <activity name>.
    • Alexa, turn off <activity name>.

# Security Attributes

# LockState

Items that represent the state of a lock (ON lock, OFF unlock). For decouple state support, use TargetLockState and CurrentLockState instead.

  • Supported item types:
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, lock the <device name>.
    • Alexa, unlock the <device name>. (Requires the unlock feature to be enabled in the Alexa app)
    • Alexa, is the <device name> locked?

# TargetLockState

Items that represent the target state of a lock with decouple state. This should be paired with CurrentLockState.

Same configuration as LockState.

# CurrentLockState

Items that represent the current state of a lock with decouple state. This needs to be paired with TargetLockState. The state of this item will be returned instead of the original actionable item. For Number and String, the state mappings can be provided in the metadata parameters and, if necessary, multiple properties to one state can be mapped with column delimiter (e.g. for a Z-Wave lock: LOCKED="1:3",UNLOCKED="2:4",JAMMED="11").

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [LOCKED="CLOSED", UNLOCKED="OPEN"]
    • Number [LOCKED=1, UNLOCKED=2, JAMMED=3]
    • String [LOCKED="locked", "UNLOCKED"="unlocked", JAMMED="jammed"]
    • Switch [LOCKED="ON", UNLOCKED="OFF"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • LOCKED=<state> (Number/String only)
    • UNLOCKED=<state> (Number/String only)
    • JAMMED=<state> (Number/String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Contact/Switch only)
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# ArmState

Items that represent the arm state of a security panel. Multiple properties to one state can be mapped with column delimiter (e.g. for DSC alarm system, combining standard mode with no delay equivalent: DISARMED="0",ARMED_AWAY="1:3",ARMED_STAY="2:4"). To disarm by voice, you will need to set up a voice code in your Alexa app for that device. For security panel errors handling, add AlarmAlert, ReadyAlert, TroubleAlert and ZonesAlert attributes to your security panel group endpoint.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number [DISARMED=0, ARMED_STAY=1, ARMED_AWAY=2, ARMED_NIGHT=3]
    • String [DISARMED="disarmed", ARMED_STAY="stay", ARMED_AWAY="away", ARMED_NIGHT="night"]
    • Switch [DISARMED="OFF", ARMED_STAY="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • DISARMED=<state>
    • ARMED_STAY=<state>
    • ARMED_AWAY=<state>
    • ARMED_NIGHT=<state>
    • supportedArmStates=<states>
      • comma delimited list (e.g. supportedArmStates="DISARMED,ARMED_STAY,ARMED_AWAY")
      • requires DISARMED and at least one ARMED state to be specified
      • defaults to, depending on the parameters provided, either user-based or item type-based default mappings.
    • pinCodes=<codes>
      • each code formatted as 4-digit pin (e.g. pinCodes="1234,9876")
      • pin codes if configured, are validated by the skill on disarm requests
      • defaults to only using the Alexa voice code for disarming verification
    • exitDelay=<number>
      • maximum delay restricted to 255 seconds
      • defaults to no delay
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, arm my home in away mode.
    • Alexa, arm my home.
    • Alexa, disarm my home.
    • Alexa, is my home armed?

# BurglaryAlarm

Items that represent the burglary alarm state of a security panel.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALARM="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALARM="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# CarbonMonoxideAlarm

Items that represent the carbon monoxide alarm state of a security panel.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALARM="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALARM="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# FireAlarm

Items that represent the fire alarm state of a security panel.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALARM="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALARM="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# WaterAlarm

Items that represent the water alarm state of a security panel.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALARM="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALARM="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# AlarmAlert

Items that represent the alert state of a security panel when it has uncleared alarm preventing arming. This needs to be paired with ArmState.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALERT="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALERT="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# ReadyAlert

Items that represent the alert state of a security panel when it is not ready for arming or disarming. This needs to be paired with ArmState.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALERT="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALERT="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# TroubleAlert

Items that represent the alert state of a security panel when it has uncleared trouble condition preventing arming. This needs to be paired with ArmState.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALERT="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALERT="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# ZonesAlert

Items that represent the alert state of a security panel when it has open zones, that must be bypassed, preventing arming. This needs to be paired with ArmState.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [OK="CLOSED", ALERT="OPEN"]
    • Switch [OK="OFF", ALERT="ON"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# Sensor Attributes

# BatteryLevel

Items that represent a battery level percentage of a device.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number(:Dimensionless)
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> battery level?

# CurrentHumidity

Items that represent a humidity sensor that provides the ambient humidity.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number(:Dimensionless)
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, what’s the <device name> humidity?

# CurrentTemperature

Items that represent a temperature sensor that provides the ambient temperature.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number(:Temperature)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, what’s the <device name> temperature?
    • Alexa, what’s the temperature of <device name>?

# ContactDetectionState

Items that represent a contact sensor state. Currently not usable in routines as proactive reporting not supported yet.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [DETECTED="OPEN", NOT_DETECTED="CLOSED"]
    • Switch [DETECTED="ON", NOT_DETECTED="OFF"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, is the <device name> open?

# MotionDetectionState

Items that represent a motion sensor state. Currently not usable in routines as proactive reporting not supported yet.

  • Supported item types:
    • Contact [DETECTED="OPEN", NOT_DETECTED="CLOSED"]
    • Switch [DETECTED="ON", NOT_DETECTED="OFF"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false

# Switchable Attributes

# PowerState

Items that represent a general device responding to on/off commands. For Number and String, the state mappings must be provided in the metadata parameters.

  • Supported item types:
    • Color
    • Dimmer
    • Number
    • String
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • OFF=<state> (Number/String only)
    • ON=<state> (Number/String only)
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name>.

# PowerLevel

Items that represent a general device responding to power level commands.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the power to 40 percent on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, increase the power level by 12 on the <device name>.
    • Alexa, decrease the power level by 6 on the <device name>.

# Percentage

Items that represent a general device responding to percentage commands.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Rollershutter
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to true for Rollershutter, otherwise false for Dimmer
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to 30 percent.
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> by 10 percent.
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> by 5 percent.

# Thermostat Attributes

# TargetTemperature

Items that represent a target setpoint for a thermostat. For thermostat that requires hold to be set prior to manually changing setpoints, set parameter requiresSetpointHold=true on the ThermostatHold item.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number(:Temperature)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • scale=<scale>
    • setpointRange=<range>
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue> (e.g. setpointRange="60:90")
      • defaults to 4°C -> 32°C or 40°F -> 90°F
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to 70.
    • Alexa, make it warmer in here. (Thermostat type only)
    • Alexa, make it cooler in here. (Thermostat type only)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> set to? (Thermostat type only)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> target temperature? (All supported types except Thermostat)

# CoolingSetpoint

Items that represent an upper or cooling setpoint for a thermostat. This needs to be paired with HeatingSetpoint. It is important to note that only the target setpoint can be requested by voice. Therefore, when the thermostat is in dual mode, the cooling and heating setpoints will be updated based on the comfortRange parameter. For thermostat that requires hold to be set prior to manually changing setpoints, set parameter requiresSetpointHold=true on the ThermostatHold item. By default, if the target, cooling and heating setpoints along with the thermostat mode are defined, the setpoint mode automation will be enabled limiting to dual mode interactions. For true triple mode support, set parameter supportsSetpointMode=false on the HeatingCoolingMode item.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number(:Temperature)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • scale=<scale>
    • comfortRange=<number>
      • used in dual setpoint mode to determine:
        • the adjusted cooling/heating setpoints spread based on target setpoint
        • the minimum temperature delta between requested cooling/heating setpoints by adding relevant comfort range values
      • defaults to 2°F or 1°C
    • setpointRange=<range>
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue> (e.g. setpointRange="60:90")
      • defaults to 4°C -> 32°C or 40°F -> 90°F

# HeatingSetpoint

Items that represent a lower or heating setpoint for a thermostat. This needs to be paired with CoolingSetpoint.

Same configuration as CoolingSetpoint.

# EcoCoolingSetpoint

Items that represent an upper or cooling setpoint for a thermostat integration that uses separate cooling/heating setpoints in ECO mode (e.g. Nest). This needs to be paired with EcoHeatingSetpoint.

Same configuration as CoolingSetpoint.

# EcoHeatingSetpoint

Items that represent an lower or heating setpoint for a thermostat integration that uses separate cooling/heating setpoints in ECO mode (e.g. Nest). This needs to be paired with EcoCoolingSetpoint.

Same configuration as CoolingSetpoint.

# HeatingCoolingMode

Items that represent the heating/cooling mode of a thermostat.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number [OFF=0, HEAT=1, COOL=2, AUTO=3, ECO=4]
    • String [OFF="off", HEAT="heat", COOL="cool", AUTO="auto", ECO="eco"]
    • Switch [OFF="OFF", HEAT="ON"]
  • Supported binding presets:
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • OFF=<state>
    • HEAT=<state>
    • COOL=<state>
    • ECO=<state>
    • AUTO=<state>
    • binding=<id>
    • supportedModes=<modes>
      • comma delimited list (e.g. supportedModes="OFF,HEAT,COOL,AUTO")
      • defaults to, depending on the parameters provided in order of precedence:
        • user-defined mappings (e.g OFF=0,HEAT=1,COOL=2)
        • preset-based related to the thermostat binding linked
        • item type-based default mappings
    • supportsSetpointMode=<boolean>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to heat.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to cool.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to auto.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to eco.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> to off.
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name>. (Switch only)
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name>. (Switch only)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> set to?

# ThermostatHold

Items that represent the hold setting of a thermostat. This needs to be paired with HeatingCoolingMode. Only requests to resume schedule (turn off hold) are supported.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number [OFF=0, ON=1]
    • String [OFF="schedule", ON="hold"]
    • Switch (on/off control)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • OFF=<state> (Number/String only)
    • ON=<state> (Number/String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Switch only)
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
    • requiresSetpointHold=<boolean>
      • set to true to require thermostat hold to be set on setpoint requests
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, resume the <device name> schedule.

# ThermostatFan

Items that represent the fan mode of a thermostat. Due to a limitation on the Alexa end, the "Auto" fan mode is named "Default" to prevent a conflict between the thermostat heating/cooling and fan modes when requesting by voice.

  • Supported item types:
    • String [AUTO="AUTO", ON="ON"]
    • Switch (on/off control)
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • AUTO=<state> (String only)
    • ON=<state> (String only)
    • inverted=<boolean> (Switch only)
      • set to true to invert state
      • defaults to false
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> fan to on. (String only)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> fan to default. (String only)
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name> fan. (Switch only)
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name> fan. (Switch only)

# Vacuum Attributes

# VacuumMode

Items that represent a vacuum mode. At least the clean and dock modes must be defined. The resume/pause controls are depending on pause mode being defined. For stop control, if stop mode not defined, it will fallback to dock mode.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number [CLEAN=1, DOCK=2, SPOT=3, PAUSE=4, STOP=5]
    • String [CLEAN="CLEAN", DOCK="DOCK", SPOT="SPOT", PAUSE="PAUSE", STOP="STOP"]
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • CLEAN=<state>
    • DOCK=<state>
    • SPOT=<state>
    • PAUSE=<state>
    • STOP=<state>
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name>. (Clean mode)
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name>. (Dock mode)
    • Alexa, pause the <device name>. (Pause mode)
    • Alexa, resume the <device name>. (Clean mode)
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (Stop/Dock mode)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> mode to spot. (Spot mode)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> mode?

# Generic Attributes

# Mode

Items that represent components of a device that have more than one setting. Multiple instances can be configured in a group endpoint.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number
    • String
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • capabilityNames=<names>
      • each name formatted as <@assetIdOrName> (e.g. capabilityNames="Wash Temperature,@Setting.WaterTemperature")
      • defaults to @Setting.Mode if single endpoint, otherwise item label and synonyms metadata if part of group endpoint
    • nonControllable=<boolean>
      • set to true for state reporting support only
      • defaults to item state description read only property if defined, otherwise false
    • supportedModes=<modes>
      • each mode formatted as <mode>=<@assetIdOrName1>:... (e.g. supportedModes="0=Cold:Cool,1=Warm,2=Hot")
      • requires at least two modes to be specified with a maximum of 150
      • shortened format available for string-based modes by either leaving the first element empty or not providing the mode name at all (e.g. supportedModes="Normal=:Cottons,Whites" <=> supportedModes="Normal=Normal:Cottons,Whites=Whites)
      • defaults to item state description options supportedModes="value1=label1,...", if defined, otherwise no supported modes
    • ordered=<boolean>
      • set to true if modes can be adjusted incrementally (e.g. temperature control)
      • defaults to false
    • language=<code>
      • text-based name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
    • actionMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as, based on action type: (e.g. actionMappings="Close=DOWN,Open=UP,Lower=DOWN,Raise=UP,Stop=STOP")
        • set => <action>=<mode>
        • adjust => <action>=(<deltaValue>) (Supported only if ordered=true)
      • supported action semantics
      • only one given action semantic allowed per endpoint
      • no support for TurnOn and TurnOff semantics on Switch, use PowerState instead
      • defaults to no actions
    • stateMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as <state>=<mode> (e.g. stateMappings="Closed=CLOSED,Open=OPEN")
      • supported state semantics
      • only one given state semantic allowed per endpoint
      • defaults to no states
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> <capability name> to <mode name>.
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> <capability name>. (if ordered=true)
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> <capability name>. (if ordered=true)
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> <capability name>?
    • Alexa, open the <device name>. (if Open action defined)
    • Alexa, close the <device name>. (if Close action defined)
    • Alexa, raise the <device name>. (if Raise action defined)
    • Alexa, lower the <device name>. (if Lower action defined)
    • Alexa, resume the <device name>. (if Resume action defined)
    • Alexa, pause the <device name>. (if Pause action defined)
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (if Stop action defined)
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name>. (if TurnOn action defined)
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name>. (if TurnOff action defined)

# RangeValue

Items that represent components of a device that are characterized by numbers within a minimum and maximum range. Multiple instances can be configured in a group endpoint.

  • Supported item types:
    • Dimmer
    • Number(:<dimension>)
    • Rollershutter
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • capabilityNames=<names>
      • each name formatted as <@assetIdOrName> (e.g. capabilityNames="@Setting.FanSpeed,Speed")
      • defaults to @Setting.RangeValue if single endpoint, otherwise item label and synonyms metadata if part of group endpoint
    • inverted=<boolean>
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to true for Rollershutter, otherwise false for other supported item types.
    • nonControllable=<boolean>
      • set to true for state reporting support only
      • defaults to item state description read only property if defined, otherwise false
    • supportedCommands=<commands> (Dimmer/Rollershutter only)
      • each command formatted as:
        • default name => <command> (e.g. supportedCommands="INCREASE,DECREASE")
        • custom name => <command>=<@assetIdOrName1>:... (e.g. supportedCommands="INCREASE=@Value.Up,DECREASE=@Value.Down")
      • supported commands are ON, OFF, INCREASE, DECREASE (Dimmer); UP, DOWN, MOVE, STOP (Rollershutter)
      • defaults to no support
    • supportedRange=<range>
      • range formatted as <minValue>:<maxValue>:<precision> (e.g. supportedRange="0:100:1")
      • precision value used as default increment for adjusted range value request.
      • defaults to item state description min, max & step values, if defined, otherwise "0:100:1" (Dimmer/Rollershutter); "0:10:1" (Number)
    • presets=<presets>
      • each preset formatted as <presetValue>=<@assetIdOrName1>:... (e.g. presets="1=@Value.Low:Lowest,10=@Value.High:Highest")
      • limited to a maximum of 150 presets
      • requires to be a multiple of the supported range precision
      • defaults to item state description options presets="value1=label1,..." if defined, otherwise no presets
    • unitOfMeasure=<unitId>
      • supported unid id
      • defaults to unit of item state presentation, if available, or item type-based default unit as follow:
        • Dimmer => Percent
        • Number:Angle => Angle.Degrees
        • Number:Length => Distance.Meters (SI); Distance.Inches (US)
        • Number:Temperature => Temperature.Celsius (SI); Temperature.Fahrenheit (US)
        • Rollershutter => Percent
    • language=<code>
      • text-based name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
    • actionMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as, based on action type: (e.g. actionMappings="Close=0,Open=100,Lower=(-10),Raise=(+10)")
        • set => <action>=<value>
        • adjust => <action>=(<deltaValue>)
      • supported commands can be mapped as well (e.g. actionMappings="Close=DOWN,Open=UP,Lower=DOWN,Raise=UP,Stop=STOP")
      • supported action semantics
      • only one given action semantic allowed per endpoint
      • no support for:
        • any custom semantics on Number with defined dimension
        • TurnOn and TurnOff semantics on Dimmer/Rollershutter
      • defaults to no actions
    • stateMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as, based on state type: (e.g. stateMappings="Closed=0,Open=1:100")
        • range => <state>=<minValue>:<maxValue>
        • value => <state>=<value>
      • supported state semantics
      • only one given state semantic allowed per endpoint
      • defaults to no states
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, set the <device name> <capability name> to 10.
    • Alexa, set the <device name> <capability name> to 50 percent. (if unitOfMeasure="Percent")
    • Alexa, set the <device name> <capability name> to <preset name>. (if presets defined)
    • Alexa, set the <device name> <capability name> to <command name>. (if supportedCommands defined)
    • Alexa, increase the <device name> <capability name> by 5.
    • Alexa, decrease the <device name> <capability name>.
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> <capability name>?
    • Alexa, open the <device name>. (if Open action defined)
    • Alexa, close the <device name>. (if Close action defined)
    • Alexa, raise the <device name>. (if Raise action defined)
    • Alexa, lower the <device name>. (if Lower action defined)
    • Alexa, resume the <device name>. (if Resume action defined)
    • Alexa, pause the <device name>. (if Pause action defined)
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (if Stop action defined)
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name>. (if TurnOn action defined)
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name>. (if TurnOff action defined)

# ToggleState

Items that represent components of a device that can be toggled on or off. Multiple instances can be configured in a group endpoint. For Number and String, the state mappings must be provided in the metadata parameters.

  • Supported item types:
    • Number
    • String
    • Switch
  • Supported metadata parameters:
    • OFF=<state> (Number/String only)
    • ON=<state> (Number/String only)
    • capabilityNames=<names>
      • each name formatted as <@assetIdOrName> (e.g. capabilityNames="@Setting.Oscillate,Rotate")
      • defaults to @Setting.ToggleState if single endpoint, otherwise item label and synonyms metadata if part of group endpoint
    • inverted=<boolean> (Switch only)
      • set to true to invert item state
      • defaults to false
    • nonControllable=<boolean>
      • set to true for state reporting support only
      • defaults to item state description read only property if defined, otherwise false
    • language=<code>
      • text-based name language support
      • two-letter language code: ar, de, en, es, fr, hi, it, ja, pt
      • defaults to your server regional settings if defined, otherwise en
    • actionMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as <action>=ON or <action>=OFF (e.g. actionMappings="Close=OFF,Open=ON")
      • supported action semantics
      • only one given action semantic allowed per endpoint
      • no support for TurnOn and TurnOff semantics, use PowerState instead
      • defaults to no actions
    • stateMappings=<mappings>
      • each semantic mapping formatted as <state>=ON or <state>=OFF (e.g. stateMappings="Closed=OFF,Open=ON")
      • supported state semantics
      • only one given state semantic allowed per endpoint
      • defaults to no states
  • Utterance examples:
    • Alexa, turn on the <device name> <capability name>.
    • Alexa, turn off the <device name> <capability name>.
    • Alexa, what's the <device name> <capability name>?
    • Alexa, is the <device name> <capability name> on?
    • Alexa, open the <device name>. (if Open action defined)
    • Alexa, close the <device name>. (if Close action defined)
    • Alexa, raise the <device name>. (if Raise action defined)
    • Alexa, lower the <device name>. (if Lower action defined)
    • Alexa, resume the <device name>. (if Resume action defined)
    • Alexa, pause the <device name>. (if Pause action defined)
    • Alexa, stop the <device name>. (if Stop action defined)

# Troubleshooting

# Response Errors

# Command Not Working

  • Alexa will respond with "That command doesn't work on device".
  • It indicates that the command that Alexa is trying to send to openHAB doesn't work, either because the intended device is not configured properly to support that command or because your openHAB items configuration has changed and a previously discovered item may longer accept certain commands. For example, a dimmer item type that was initially setup and was changed to a switch type, will cause Alexa brightness control commands to fail.
  • To resolve this error, make sure to update your openHAB items configuration accordingly and run a discovery update either through the Alexa app or just by asking "Alexa, discover" on your echo device.

# Device Not Found

  • Alexa will respond with "I couldn't find a device or group named device in your profile".
  • It indicates that, either a device currently setup in your Alexa account, no longer exists in your openHAB server, or vice-versa.
  • To resolve this error, make sure to run a discovery update either through the Alexa app or just by asking "Alexa, discover" on your echo device. Keep in mind that previously discovered devices that have been removed from the openHAB configuration will show as offline under your Alexa account and not be automatically removed. To prevent potential device name conflicts, it is highly recommended to remove these devices through the Alexa app.
  • If all your Alexa-enabled devices in openHAB aren't discovered or getting updated:
    • Check that your server is available.
    • Look for any relevant errors in your openHAB server logs.
    • Check the spelling of your Alexa metadata configuration. It is case sensitive.
    • If only new devices aren't found, make sure your last Alexa-related config changes are valid.
    • If necessary, stagger the discovery process by adding a couple devices at a time to isolate the culprit.

# Device Not Responding

  • Alexa will respond with "device isn't responding, please check its network connection and power supply", and in some rare occasions, no response or acknowledgement will be given.
  • It indicates that the state of one or more of the endpoint properties retrieved from the openHAB server are considered invalid, mostly because it is in either uninitialized NULL or undefined UNDEF state.
  • To resolve this error, make sure that all items interfacing with Alexa have a defined state. If the state is not available in openHAB, set the item state to not be retrievable.
  • For group endpoints, partial properties responses will be send back to Alexa excluding items with invalid state. This will allow Alexa to acknowledge a command request assuming that the relevant item state is accurate. However, it will cause Alexa to generate this error when requesting the status of a device configured with an attribute supporting these requests. For example, using a thermostat group endpoint, a request to set its mode will succeed but requesting its mode status will fail if one of its property state, such as its temperature sensor, is not defined in openHAB.
  • This is the default error.

# Duplicate Device Names

  • Alexa will respond with "A few things share the name device, which one did you want?".
  • It indicates that more than one device on your Alexa account matches the device name requested.
  • To resolve this error, make sure that all the item labels related to your Alexa-enabled items are unique. Additionally, check your Alexa account for discovered devices from other skills or local integrations (e.g. Philips Hue bridge), that may have overlapping names.

# Request Error

  • Alexa will respond with "I'm not sure what went wrong".
  • It indicates that a requested command caused an error preventing the Alexa Smart Home API from handling it. This is usually due to either a given capability not supported in your language or a bug in the Alexa API handling the request.
  • If you have confirmed that the requested capability should be available in your region, please search in the community forum (opens new window) for an existing related post and, if necessary, open a new topic including all the details to replicate this error.

# Request Not Supported

  • Alexa will respond with "device doesn't support that".
  • It indicates that a requested command is not supported by any of the device configured attributes.
  • To resolve this error, make sure that the relevant attributes are configured properly on the given device. If this is the case, the response implies a limitation on the Alexa side. This will happen for a device with specific attributes that don't support certain voice requests as of yet, such as the state of a Switch or Light capable item.

# Server Authentication Issue

  • Alexa will respond with "Sorry something wrong, to control device try disabling the skill and re-enabling it from your Alexa app".
  • It indicates that Alexa isn't able to control the given device because of an authentication issue.
  • To resolve this error, for users that are using the official skill, just disable and re-enable it through the Alexa app. For users that have setup their own custom skill, make sure that the proper credentials were configured in ask-resources.json. If running an openHAB 3.x server, make sure that the API Security Implicit User Role setting is enabled.

# Server Not Accessible

  • Alexa will respond with "Sorry the hub that device is connected to is not responding, please check its network connection and power supply".
  • It indicates that your openHAB server is not accessible through myopenHAB (opens new window) cloud service.
  • To resolve this error, make sure that your server is running, your openHAB cloud service is configured with mode set to "Notifications & Remote Access", and showing online under your myopenHAB account. For users that have setup their own custom skill, make sure that the proper server base URL was configured in ask-resources.json.
  • For users running openHAB 2.4, there is a known issue when running the Amazon Echo Control (opens new window) binding, associated to that release, that affects the server accessibility. In this instance, make sure to upgrade your server to 2.5 or above.

# Temperature Out Of Range

  • Alexa will respond with "I can only set the temperature between minValue and maxValue".
  • It indicates that a requested target temperature is out of range, based on the target, cooling, or heating temperature setpoints default range values.
  • To resolve this error, add the metadata parameter setpointRange="<minValue>:<maxValue>" on your relevant thermostat setpoint items to customize your range values and run a discovery update either through the Alexa app or just by asking "Alexa, discover" on your echo device.

# Additional Information

# Regional Availability

The availability of a given capability depends on the location setting of your Amazon account under which your echo devices are registered to. Here is the latest list of Alexa interface capabilities with their associated supported device attributes and languages from the Alexa Skill API (opens new window) documentation:

Alexa Interfaces Supported Attributes Supported Languages
BrightnessController Brightness ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
CameraStreamController CameraStream ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ChannelController Channel, ChannelStep ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ColorController Color ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ColorTemperatureController ColorTemperature ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ContactSensor ContactDetectionState ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
EqualizerController EqualizerBass, EqualizerMidrange, EqualizerTreble, EqualizerMode de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
LockController LockState ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ModeController Mode, FanDirection, FanSpeed, Input, OpenState, PositionState, TiltAngle, ThermostatFan, VacuumMode de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
MotionSensor MotionDetectionState de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
Networking HomeNetwork, ConnectedDevice, NetworkAccess en-US
PercentageController Percentage de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
PlaybackController Playback, PlaybackStop, PlaybackStep ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
PlaybackStateReporter Playback, PlaybackStop ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
PowerController PowerState ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
PowerLevelController PowerLevel de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, fr-CA, fr-FR, it-IT, ja-JP
RangeController RangeValue, BatteryLevel, CurrentHumidity, FanSpeed, PositionState, TiltAngle de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
Safety ObstacleAlert de-DE, en-GB, en-US, es-ES, fr-FR, it-IT
SceneController Scene, Activity ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
SecurityPanelController ArmState, BurglaryAlarm, CarbonMonoxideAlarm, FireAlarm, WaterAlarm de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
Speaker VolumeLevel, MuteState de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, it-IT, ja-JP
StepSpeaker VolumeStep, MuteStep de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, it-IT
TemperatureSensor CurrentTemperature ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ThermostatController TargetTemperature, CoolingSetpoint, HeatingSetpoint, HeatingCoolingMode, ThermostatHold ar-SA, de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR
ToggleController ToggleState, FanOscillate, ThermostatFan de-DE, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, fr-CA, fr-FR, hi-IN, it-IT, ja-JP, pt-BR

# Asset Catalog

# Alexa Asset Catalog

List of Alexa asset catalog from the Alexa Skill API (opens new window) documentation:

Asset Identifier Supported Friendly Names
@DeviceName.AirPurifier Air Purifier
Air Cleaner
Clean Air Machine
@DeviceName.Camera Camera
@DeviceName.Fan Fan
Blower
@DeviceName.Router Router
Internet Router
Network Router
Wi-Fi Router
Net Router
@DeviceName.Shade Shade
Blind
Curtain
Roller
Shutter
Drape
Awning
Window Shade
Interior blind
@DeviceName.Shower Shower
@DeviceName.SpaceHeater Space Heater
Portable Heater
@DeviceName.Washer Washer
Washing Machine
@Setting.2GGuestWiFi 2.4G Guest Wi-Fi
2.4G Guest Network
Guest Network 2.4G
2G Guest Wi-Fi
@Setting.5GGuestWiFi 5G Guest Wi-Fi
5G Guest Network
Guest Network 5G
5G Guest Wi-Fi
@Setting.Auto Auto
Automatic
Automatic Mode
Auto Mode
@Setting.Direction Direction
@Setting.DryCycle Dry Cycle
Dry Preset
Dry Setting
Dryer Cycle
Dryer Preset
Dryer Setting
@Setting.FanSpeed Fan Speed
Airflow Speed
Wind Speed
Air Speed
Air Velocity
@Setting.GuestWiFi Guest Wi-Fi
Guest Network
Guest Net
@Setting.Heat Heat
@Setting.Mode Mode
@Setting.Night Night
Night Mode
@Setting.Opening Opening
Height
Lift
Width
@Setting.Oscillate Oscillate
Swivel
Oscillation
Spin
Back and Forth
@Setting.Preset Preset
Setting
@Setting.Quiet Quiet
Quiet Mode
Noiseless
Silent
@Setting.Temperature Temperature
Temp
@Setting.WashCycle Wash Cycle
Wash Preset
Wash setting
@Setting.WaterTemperature Water Temperature
Water Temp
Water Heat
@Shower.HandHeld Handheld Shower
Shower Wand
Hand Shower
@Shower.RainHead Rain Head
Overhead Shower
Rain Shower
Rain Spout
Rain Faucet
@Value.Close Close
@Value.Delicate Delicates
Delicate
@Value.High High
@Value.Low Low
@Value.Maximum Maximum
Max
@Value.Medium Medium
Mid
@Value.Minimum Minimum
Min
@Value.Open Open
@Value.QuickWash Quick Wash
Fast Wash
Wash Quickly
Speed Wash

# Custom Asset Catalog

List of custom asset catalog defined by the skill:

Asset Identifier Supported Friendly Names
@Setting.Angle Angle
@Setting.BatteryLevel Battery Level
@Setting.Clean Clean
@Setting.Dock Dock
@Setting.Forward Forward
@Setting.Humidity Humidity
@Setting.Input Input
@Setting.Position Position
@Setting.RangeValue Range Value
@Setting.Reverse Reverse
@Setting.Speed Speed
@Setting.Spot Spot
@Setting.TargetTemperature Target Temperature
@Setting.Tilt Tilt
@Setting.ToggleState Toggle State
@Value.Decrease Decrease
@Value.Default Default
@Value.Down Down
@Value.Increase Increase
@Value.Left Left
@Value.Move Move
@Value.Off Off
@Value.On On
@Value.Pause Pause
@Value.Resume Resume
@Value.Right Right
@Value.Start Start
@Value.Stop Stop
@Value.Up Up

# Semantic Catalog

# Alexa Semantic Catalog

List of Alexa semantic catalog from the Alexa Skill API (opens new window) documentation:

Semantic Type Identifiers
Actions Close
Open
Lower
Raise
States Closed
Open

# Custom Semantic Catalog

List of custom semantic catalog defined by skill:

Semantic Type Identifiers
Actions Pause
Resume
Stop
TurnOff
TurnOn
States

# Unit of Measurement Catalog

List of Alexa unit of measurement catalog from the Alexa Skill API (opens new window) documentation:

Unit Identifier
Angle.Degrees
Angle.Radians
Distance.Yards
Distance.Inches
Distance.Meters
Distance.Feet
Distance.Miles
Distance.Kilometers
Mass.Kilograms
Mass.Grams
Percent
Temperature.Degrees
Temperature.Celsius
Temperature.Fahrenheit
Temperature.Kelvin
Volume.Gallons
Volume.Pints
Volume.Quarts
Volume.Liters
Volume.CubicMeters
Volume.CubicFeet
Weight.Pounds
Weight.Ounces

# Capability Names Not Allowed

List of Alexa friendly names that cannot be used from the Alexa Skill API (opens new window) documentation:

Friendly Names
alarm
alarms
all alarms
away mode
bass
camera
date
date today
day
do not disturb
drop in
music
night light
notification
playing
sleep sounds
time
timer
today in music
treble
volume
way f. m.

# Other openHAB Integrations for Amazon Alexa

openHAB has two other integrations for Amazon Alexa that can be used in conjunction with or independently of this skill.

# Amazon Echo Control Binding

Control Amazon Echo devices from your openHAB. This allows openHAB to send commands to a echo device and control its ability to play music, set alarms, change the volume and use it a Text-To-Speech output device. See the Amazon Echo Control Binding (opens new window) for more information..

# Hue Emulation Service

Hue Emulation exposes openHAB items as Hue devices to other Hue HTTP API compatible applications like an Amazon Echo, Google Home or any Hue compatible application. This is done on the local network and does not require the cloud service. See the Hue Emulation Service (opens new window) for more information.

Caught a mistake or want to contribute to the documentation? Edit this page on GitHub (opens new window)

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